Endocrine Abstracts

Context: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) may be disrupted by drugs, including opioids. Opioids are widely used for treatment of acute and chronic pain, but they also carry a wide range of adverse effects. Opioid receptors are present in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus and chronic use of opioids may lead to adrenal insufficiency because of central suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA).Case Presentation: We report a 26...

Context: Pregnancy and lactation -associated osteoporosis (PLO) is an uncommon condition affecting women during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. PLO is manifested with fractures usually in spine or occasionally in the hip with severe and prolonged pain and height loss. Pathogenesis of this rare condition is still not completely understood.Case Presentation: We report a 28 y/o female patient presenting with severe back pain during postpartu...

Introduction: Glucocorticoids are widely used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Prolonged administration of synthetic glucocorticoids is one of the most common cause of ACTH deficiency and consequent adrenal insufficiency. Exogenous glucocorticoids interfere with and suppress HPA axis and abrupt steroid withdrawal leaves body susceptible to adrenal insufficiency. Symptoms can range from adrenal crisis to nonspecific complains of fatigue, nausea and ...

Title: Pulmonary Embolism in Surgically Treated Cushing’s Disease: A Case ReportAuthors: Qetevan Gvazava1, Nino Zavrashvili1, Natia Margvelashvili2, Natia Shonia2, Ketevan Chanturishvili2 Endocrinology Department, Tbilisi Institute of MedicineBackground: Cushing’s disease is the most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome but can be very difficult to diagnose and to treat. as we know it has numerous health effects on pat...

Hyponatremia is the most common disorder of electrolytes encountered in clinical practice, occurring in 15-30% of acutely or chronically hospitalized patients. Although many cases are mild and relatively asymptomatic, hyponatremia is nonetheless important clinically because: acute severe hyponatremia can cause substantial morbidity and mortality; overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia can cause severe neurological deficits and death. We present Clinical cases of endoc...

Background: Pseudohypoparathyroidism includes a genotypically diverse group of syndromes of primary resistance to hormones whose actions are mediated by cyclic adenosine 3’: 5’-monophosphate, in most cases caused by mutations and/or epigenetic changes at the complex GNAS locus on chromosome 20q13.3.Renal resistance to PTH leads to impaired formation of 1,25(OH)2D, the fully active form of vitamin D, and reduces expression of sodium-dependent phosphate transporters in...

Introduction: Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland leading to chronic inflammation and gradual decline of the thyroid gland function eventually requiring hormone replacement. Patients present with classic symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism. The term pseudohypoparathryoidism (PHP) refers to a group of rare genetic and epigenetic disorders characterized by resistance to the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) that activates cAMP signaling...

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are a group of immune-endocrine syndromes that cause autoimmune destruction of multiple endocrine organs. The most common in this group is APS type 2, which frequently presents with primary adrenal insufficiency with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus. We present a case of 46 year old male, with no significant medical history who presented in our clinic with: weakness, fatigue and weight loss for the preceding la...

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a group of disorders characterized with inappropriately high adrenal aldosterone production, suppressed renin and hypertension. Prevalence of PA is approximately 5-10% in people with hypertension and up to 20-50% in those with resistant hypertension. PA is associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality rates compared with patients with essential hypertension when matched with age, sex and blood pre...

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare clinical syndrome related to abrupt hemorrhage and/or infarction of the pituitary gland, usually occurring in patients with preexisting pituitary disease. It is an endocrine emergency requiring rapid diagnosis and appropriate management. Pituitary apoplexy may lead to multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies. Without proper diagnosis and management, these can lead to the occurrence of irreversible complications, most significantly adrenal crisi...